Analysis on mechanical performance and damage evaluation of H-section steel columns during and after impact process
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摘要: 鉴于H型钢柱在工业厂房、停车场等场合应用时易遭受吊装载荷和车辆撞击，在前期试验研究的基础上，通过有限元对H型钢柱撞击中及撞击后的力学性能开展全过程分析。首先，通过机理分析，获得了不同轴压比影响下试件的变形特征、应力和耗能发展。结果表明，侧向撞击下，H型钢柱以整体变形为主，上翼缘和腹板分别发生局部凹陷和平面外屈曲；撞击力时程曲线呈现明显的平台段，预加轴力明显削弱试件的抗撞能力。其次，建立了108个参数分析模型，重点探究了荷载参数（撞击质量m、撞击速度vh,m和轴压比n）、材料参数（屈服强度fys）和几何参数（截面面积A和试件长度L）对撞击力、撞击变形和剩余承载力的影响，发现随着撞击质量m、撞击速度vh,m和轴压比n的增大，H型钢柱的整体和局部变形增大，剩余承载力降低。此外，钢材强度的提高有效增强了试件的抗撞性能。最后，基于响应面法提出了多因子交互影响的撞击下整体和局部变形及撞击后剩余承载力的预测公式，可用于H型钢柱撞击全过程损伤评估与设计。Abstract: H-section steel columns have been widely employed in industrial buildings and parking lots, etc., which are vulnerable to crane-loading or vehicle collisions. Based on above background and previous experimental studies, the lateral impact model and residual load-carrying capacity model are established by using Abaqus finite element software to analyze the performance of H-section steel columns during and after impact loading. Firstly, the working mechanism, including the deformation characteristics, stress evolution and energy dissipation, is analyzed. Results indicate that under impact loading, the deformation pattern is mainly dominated by the global deformation, with the local deformation of the upper flange and out-of-plane buckling of the web. The time history curve of impact force exhibits an obvious plateau phase, and the existence of the pre-axial compression clearly reduces the impact resistance of the specimens. In general, H-section steel columns present favorable ductility performance during impact loading. Subsequently, a total of 108 parametric models are constructed, and the effects of load parameters (impact mass, impact velocity and axial load ratio), material parameter (steel yield strength) and geometric parameters (sectional area and specimen length) on the impact force, deformation, and residual load-carrying capacity are emphatically studied. The results show that as the impact mass, impact velocity, and/or pre-axial loading ratio increase, both the global and local deformations of H-section steel column will increase, while the residual load-carrying capacity will decrease. Finally, by considering the multi-factor interactions, the formulas for predicting global deformation and local deformation during impact and the residual load-carrying performance after impact are proposed by using response surface method. Results show that pre-axial loading is a key factor affecting global deformation, while the impact velocity mainly affects local deformation. In addition, both the pre-axial loading and impact velocity significantly interact with other parameters. The proposed formulas can be employed for the damage evaluation and design of H-section steel columns during the whole impact process and after impact event.
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图 8 撞击力和跨中挠度随时间的变化
Figure 8. Variation of impact force and mid-span deflection with time
图 10 撞击下试件H-2.5-0.4无量纲参数的时程曲线
Figure 10. Dimensionless parameter-time history curves of specimen H-2.5-0.4 under impact
图 11 不同轴压比下试件撞击力和挠度的时程曲线
Figure 11. Impact force and deflection time history curves of specimens with different axial load ratios under impact
图 12 不同轴压比下撞后试件的剩余轴向载荷-挠度曲线
Figure 12. Residual axial load-deflection curves of specimens with different axial load ratios after impact
图 13 撞击下试件H-2.5-0.4轴向应力的发展
Figure 13. Axial stress development of specimen H-2.5-0.4 under impact
图 15 载荷参数对H型钢柱抗撞性能和撞后剩余承载力的影响
Figure 15. Influences of load parameters on anti-collision performances and residual bearing capacity of H-shaped steel columns after impact
图 16 钢材屈服强度对H型钢柱抗撞性能和撞后剩余承载力的影响
Figure 16. Influences of steel yield strength on anti-collision performances and residual bearing capacity of H-shaped steel columns after impact
图 17 几何参数对H型钢柱抗撞性能的影响
Figure 17. Influences of geometric parameters on anti-collision performances of H-shaped steel columns
图 20 整体和局部变形公式预测值与有限元模拟值的对比
Figure 20. Comparison of global and local deformations by predicted by the formula with the corresponding results by finite element simulation
图 21 位移因数βg和凹陷因数βl交互作用对剩余承载力因数βr的影响
Figure 21. Influence of interaction between displacement factor βg and indentation factor βl on residual load-carrying capacity factor βr
图 22 剩余承载力因数的公式预测值βr, formula与有限元模拟值βr, FE的对比
Figure 22. Comparison of residual load-carrying capacity factor βr, formula prediceted by the formula with the corresponding one βr, FE by finite element simulation
试件编号 n m/kg vh,m/(m∙s−1) H/m U/kJ 试件编号 n m/kg vh,m/(m∙s−1) H/m U/kJ H-0-a H-2.5-0.4-a 0.4 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-2.5-0-a 0 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-2.5-0.4-b 0.4 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-2.5-0-b 0 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-3.0-0-a 0 521 7.67 3.0 15.3 H-2.5-0-c 0 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-3.0-0-b 0 521 7.67 3.0 15.3 H-2.5-0.2-a 0.2 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-3.0-0.2-a 0.2 521 7.67 3.0 15.3 H-2.5-0.2-b 0.2 521 7.00 2.5 12.8 H-3.0-0.4-a 0.4 521 7.67 3.0 15.3 注：试件编号中“2.5”和“3.0”代表落锤释放高度，“0”、“0.2”和“0.4”代表预加轴压比，“a”、“b”和“c”表示同组3个重复试件。 
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区域 $f_{\mathrm{y}}^{\mathrm{s}} $/MPa E/GPa fu/MPa ξ/% 区域 $f_{\mathrm{y}}^{\mathrm{s}} $/MPa E/GPa fu/MPa ξ/% 腹板 290.1 206 421.1 27.0 翼缘 251.6 202 409.8 34.8
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表 3 参数取值
Table 3. Parameter values
h/mm b/mm ww/mm wf/mm m/kg vh,m/(m∙s−1) n $f_{\mathrm{y}}^{\mathrm{s}} $/MPa A/mm2 L/m 300 300 10 15 4 000 3 0 355 1 1700 4 350 350 12 19 5 000 4 0.2 420 1 7400 5 400 400 13 21 6 000 5 0.4 460 2 0154 6
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