激波管模拟产生近场爆炸冲击波

张仕忠 李进平 康越 胡剑桥 陈宏

张仕忠, 李进平, 康越, 胡剑桥, 陈宏. 激波管模拟产生近场爆炸冲击波[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(12): 121434. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0204
引用本文: 张仕忠, 李进平, 康越, 胡剑桥, 陈宏. 激波管模拟产生近场爆炸冲击波[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(12): 121434. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0204
ZHANG Shizhong, LI Jinping, KANG Yue, HU Jianqiao, CHEN Hong. Generation of near-field blast wave by means of shock tube[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(12): 121434. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0204
Citation: ZHANG Shizhong, LI Jinping, KANG Yue, HU Jianqiao, CHEN Hong. Generation of near-field blast wave by means of shock tube[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(12): 121434. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0204

激波管模拟产生近场爆炸冲击波

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0204
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张仕忠(1983- ),男,博士,高级工程师,zhangshizhong@imech.ac.cn

    通讯作者:

    李进平(1978- ),男,博士,高级工程师,lijinping@imech.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: O389

Generation of near-field blast wave by means of shock tube

  • 摘要: 激波管可以在实验室环境下模拟爆炸产生冲击波,具有参数易于控制和测量手段准确多样等优势,在爆炸冲击效应的研究中被广泛应用。但与真实爆炸相比,尤其是近场爆炸,激波管产生的冲击波存在正压作用时间难以缩短、超压峰值难以提升的困难。通过对激波管运行理论和数值模拟分析发现:缩短正压作用时间的关键是让反射稀疏波尽快追上入射激波;提升超压峰值的关键是提高驱动气体的驱动能力。为此,设计了一种驱动段为锥形截面的激波管,使得反射稀疏波更快地追上入射激波,从而有效减小激波管设备长度并缩短正压作用时间;同时,采用正向爆轰驱动技术,利用化学能代替高压空气驱动提高驱动气体声速,在低爆轰初始压力下可以获得高的超压峰值。数值计算结果表明,在入射激波马赫数(MS=2.0)相同条件下,相对于等截面驱动方式,采用锥形截面驱动方式时,激波管长度可以减少近2/3,正压作用时间可以缩短近1/2。激波管实验结果表明,锥形截面驱动激波管产生的超压曲线满足近场爆炸冲击波形要求,并获得了超压峰值为64.7~813.4 kPa、正压作用时间为1.7~4.8 ms的爆炸冲击波波形。该研究可为近场爆炸冲击波致伤及装备防护效应评价实验提供参考。
  • 图  1  典型爆炸冲击波曲线(Friedlander波形)

    Figure  1.  Typical blast wave curve (Friedlander waveform)

    图  2  激波管模拟爆炸冲击波原理示意图

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of shock tube simulating blast wave

    图  3  常规激波管模拟爆炸冲击波参数关系曲线

    Figure  3.  Relations among parameters for conventional shock tube simulating blast wave

    图  4  激波管运行波系图

    Figure  4.  Wave diagrams for shock tube operating

    图  5  锥形截面驱动时激波管内压力分布和正压作用时间对比(MS=2.0)

    Figure  5.  The pressure and positive duration in the shock tube driven by conical section (MS=2.0)

    图  6  驱动段锥形截面正向爆轰驱动波系图

    Figure  6.  Diagram of wave system in shock tube driven by forward detonation with conical section

    图  7  不同时刻激波管内的压力和温度分布

    Figure  7.  Pressure and temperature distribution in the shock tube at different times

    图  8  爆轰驱动时不同位置压力曲线

    Figure  8.  The pressure at different positions in shock tube driven by forward detonation

    图  9  近场爆炸冲击波模拟激波管装置

    Figure  9.  The shock tube device for simulating near-field blast wave

    图  10  高压空气驱动实验结果

    Figure  10.  Experimental results driven by high-pressure air

    图  11  不同初始充气压力下正向爆轰驱动实验获得的典型超压曲线(n(H2)∶n(O2)=3∶1)

    Figure  11.  Typical overpressure-time histories obtained in positive detonation driving experiment at different initial inflation pressures and n(H2)∶n(O2)=3∶1

    图  12  空气驱动时数值计算结果比较

    Figure  12.  Comparison of numerical calculation results under high-pressure air driving

    图  13  正向爆轰驱动时数值计算结果比较

    Figure  13.  Comparison of numerical calculation results under forward detonation driving

    图  14  正向爆轰驱动中接触面高温气流对实验样品影响

    Figure  14.  Effect of high-temperature gas flow at the interface on the experimental samples in forward detonation driving experiment

    表  1  在H2和O2充气物质的量的比为3∶1和不同初始压力条件下正向爆轰驱动实验获得的超压峰值和正压作用时间

    Table  1.   Peak overpressure and positive pressure action time obtained in positive detonation driving experiment at different initial inflation pressures and n(H2)∶n(O2)=3∶1

    实验状态初始压力/MPa超压峰值/kPa正压作用时间/ms
    10.55490.44.7
    20.60539.54.8
    30.65624.24.8
    40.85813.44.4
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-06-27
  • 修回日期:  2024-10-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-10-25
  • 刊出日期:  2024-12-01

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