活性材料与炸药环状复合内爆的 准静态压力计算方法

朱剑雷; 韩磊; 方展翔; 徐豫新

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0218

活性材料与炸药环状复合内爆的准静态压力计算方法

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0218

北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081

详细信息

作者简介:
朱剑雷（2000－　），男，硕士研究生，931517800@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐豫新（1982－　），男，博士，准聘教授，xuyuxin@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: O389
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- 文章访问数: 109
- HTML全文浏览量: 18
- PDF下载量: 46
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-02
- 修回日期: 2024-09-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-19

Calculation method for quasi-static pressure of annular composite implosion of active materials and explosives

State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081

摘要

摘要: 为了预测密闭环境活性材料与炸药环状复合后内爆准静态压力，首先归纳了已有的考虑后燃效应的碳氢氧氮炸药内爆准静态压力计算模型，并在此基础上提出了一种适用于活性材料与炸药环状复合内爆的准静态压力计算模型。然后进行活性材料与炸药复合装药和含铝炸药的内爆试验，利用试验获得的数据对模型精度进行验证，最后对比分析两种炸药内爆准静态压力试验结果，将计算模型推广至一般含铝炸药，并利用文献数据验证。研究结果表明所建立的复合炸药考虑后燃准静态压力修正模型与试验数据、文献数据吻合较好，平均误差为9.1%，最大误差15.8%；对一般含铝炸药的计算结果平均误差为12.1%，最大误差20.6%。
- 内爆 /
- 准静态压力 /
- 后燃效应 /
- 活性材料 /
- 复合装药
Abstract: In order to predict the quasi-static pressure of internal explosion in a closed environment composed of aluminum containing active materials and explosive rings, this paper summarizes the existing quasi-static pressure calculation models for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen explosives considering post ignition effects, and proposes an optimization method for the quasi-static pressure calculation mode applicable to internal explosion of aluminum containing composite charges. After obtaining the ideal maximum reaction heat using the Geiss theorem, this method uses a parameter correction related to the aluminum containing composite explosive itself. Taking Herzog as an example, a specific prediction formula is provided. Then, composite charges of active materials and explosives, as well as aluminum containing explosives, were tested for implosion. Typical overpressure curves were provided, and the method for obtaining quasi-static pressure in the tests and related sources were explained. The experimental data was compared and analyzed with the quasi-static pressure results calculated by the established optimization model, demonstrating the reliability of the modified model. At the same time, the internal explosion results of two types of explosives were compared, and the calculation model was extended to general aluminum containing explosives. The accuracy of the model was verified using quasi-static pressure data from relevant literature, and the reasons for errors and possible improvement methods were analyzed. The research results show that the established quasi-static pressure correction model for post combustion of composite explosives is in good agreement with experimental and literature data, with an average error of 9.1% and a maximum error of 15.8%; The average error of the calculation results for aluminum containing explosives is 12.1%, with a maximum error of 20.6%.
- implosion /
- quasi static pressure /
- post combustion effect /
- active materials /
- composite charge

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图 1 爆炸箱体模型

Figure 1. Model of the explosive enclosure

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图 2 环状复合装药结构与中心药柱

Figure 2. Circular composite charge structure and Central drug column

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图 3 试验现场布局

Figure 3. Layout of test site

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图 4 试验结果

Figure 4. Experimental results

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图 5 试验测得的典型超压曲线

Figure 5. Experimental overpressure curve

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表 1 常见气体定压比热容

Table 1. Common gas specific heat capacity at constant pressure

气体	温度/K	定压比热容/（J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹）	气体	温度/K	定压比热容/（J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹）
CO₂	300～2000	37.129	CO	298～2500	29.121
H₂O	298～2500	33.577	O₂	289～1500	29.359
N₂	298～2500	29.121	CH₄	291～1500	35.715

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表 2 试验工况

Table 2. Test conditions

工况	装药	质量/g	质量分数/%
工况	装药	质量/g	Al	RDX	其他
1	JH-14—Al/PTFE复合装药	150.03	14.0	42.5	33.5
1		150.03	14.0	42.5	33.5
2		152.56	22.7	41.7	35.6
2		152.56	22.7	41.7	35.6
3		353.00	29.5	66.3	4.2
4	JHL-2	360.00	30.0	65.0	5.0

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表 3 试验结果与计算结果比较

Table 3. Comparison between experimental and theoretical results

工况	装药质量/g	a	μ	试验压力/MPa	计算压力/MPa		误差/%
工况	装药质量/g	a	μ	试验压力/MPa	修正前	修正后	修正前	修正后
1	150.03	2.7	0.425	0.180	0.253	0.181	40.6	0.6
1	150.03	2.7	0.425	0.172	0.253	0.181	47.1	5.2
2	152.56	4.5	0.417	0.177	0.297	0.198	67.8	11.8
2	152.56	4.5	0.417	0.180	0.297	0.198	65.0	10.0
3	353.00	3.8	0.663	0.430	0.686	0.498	59.5	15.8
4	360.00	3.7	0.663	0.440	0.676	0.490	53.6	11.4

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表 4 文献[19]试验结果与计算结果比较

Table 4. Comparison between experimental in Ref.[19] and theoretical results in this paper

工况	药量/g	粒径/µm	a	μ	试验压力/MPa	计算压力/MPa	误差/%
1	100	50	1.6	80	0.69^[19]	0.78	13.0
2	100	50	2.9	70	0.79^[19]	0.80	1.3
3	100	50	3.8	65	0.88^[19]	0.81	8.0
4	100	50	4.8	60	0.90^[19]	0.80	11.1
5	100	50	7.3	50	0.82^[19]	0.76	7.3

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表 5 文献[20]试验工况

Table 5. Experimental conditions in Ref.[20]

工况	药量/g	质量分数/%			工况	药量/g	质量分数/%
工况	药量/g	铝	CL-20	其他	工况	药量/g	铝	CL-20	其他
1	200	10	64.5	25.5	4	100	10	64.5	25.5
2	200	20	54.5	25.5	5	100	20	54.5	25.5
3	200	30	45.5	25.5	6	100	30	44.5	25.5

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表 6 文献[20]试验结果与计算结果比较

Table 6. Comparison between experimental result in Ref.[20] and theoretical results in this paper

工况	药量/g	a	μ	试验压力/MPa	计算压力/MPa	误差/%
1	200	2.6	64.5	0.46^[20]	0.37	19.6
2	200	6.1	54.5	0.49^[20]	0.40	18.4
3	200	11.1	45.5	0.51^[20]	0.41	19.6
4	100	2.6	64.5	0.27^[20]	0.25	7.4
5	100	6.1	54.5	0.29^[20]	0.26	6.9
6	100	11.1	44.5	0.34^[20]	0.27	20.6

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