To found out the damage mechanism, penetration performance, and the effect factors on the penetration performance of the jacketed rod, two kinds of jacketed rods are penetrated into the semi-infinite 4340 steel targets with striking velocities in the range of 0.9−3.3 km/s experimentally and numerically. Based on the experimental and numerical results, it was found that both homogeneous tungsten alloy rod and jacketed rods presents typical hydrodynamic penetration characteristics under hypervelocity (>2.0 km/s) penetration. While the homogeneous tungsten alloy rod formed a “mushroom head” and the jacketed rods presented typical “co-erosion” damage mode during penetration process under low and medium striking velocity (0.9−1.8 km/s) conditions. Specially, the failure mode of the 1060Al/93W jacketed rod changed from the initial “bi-erosion” to the later “co-erosion”, while the striking velocity equals to 936 m/s. In the experimental speed range, the penetration performance of the jacketed rod is lower than that of the homogeneous tungsten alloy rod at low and medium striking velocities, and the penetration performance of the two is basically the same under hypervelocity conditions. However, the penetration performance of the jacketed rod is significantly better than that of the homogeneous tungsten alloy rod when the initial striking kinetic energy is the same. Compared to density, strength of the jacket has a more significant effect on the penetration performance of the jacketed rod, and the smaller the strength of the jacket material, the better the penetration performance is. According to the above analysis, it can be concluded that for a fixed ratio of the jacket radius to the core radius, it is preferred to use a jacket material with a lower density and a moderate strength.
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