Analysis of occupant spinal injury behavior and risk induced by under-body blast impacts

LI Guibing; LI Wenbo; WANG Guosheng; QIN Lingyun; CAI Zhihua

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0211

Volume 44 Issue 12

Dec. 2024

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2024 > 44(12): 121422

LI Guibing, LI Wenbo, WANG Guosheng, QIN Lingyun, CAI Zhihua. Analysis of occupant spinal injury behavior and risk induced by under-body blast impacts[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(12): 121422. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0211

Citation:

LI Guibing, LI Wenbo, WANG Guosheng, QIN Lingyun, CAI Zhihua. Analysis of occupant spinal injury behavior and risk induced by under-body blast impacts[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2024, 44(12): 121422. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0211

Citation:

PDF( 8435 KB)

Analysis of occupant spinal injury behavior and risk induced by under-body blast impacts

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0211

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
2.
Department of Vehicle Chassis, China North Vehicle Research Institute, Beijing 100072, China
3.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintennance for Mechanical Equipment, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China

Received Date: 2024-07-01
Rev Recd Date: 2024-10-30

Available Online: 2024-10-31

Publish Date: 2024-12-01

Abstract

Abstract

The impact from under-body blast (UBB) can easily cause spinal injuries to armored vehicle occupants. In order to comprehensively understand the injury behavior and risk of different spine segments of the occupant under UBB impacts, numerical simulations using a high biofidelity human body finite element model were conducted to simulate the dynamic response process of the occupant spine under typical UBB impacts. Then kinematic, dynamic, and biomechanical response were integrated to study the potential injury behavior of each segment of the spine, and biomechanical indicators were used to analyze spinal injury risk under different loading conditions and protective seat design parameters. The results indicate that: the over extension of the C4–T3 segments is the main reason for injuries to the spinous process, transverse process, and intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus; injuries of the T7–T12 segments are mainly associated with the forward over bending combined with axial compression; the axial compression of the lumbar spine results in a high injury risk at the anterior aspect of the vertebral body and the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc; the risk of spinal segment injury increases with the increase of peak load acceleration, and the risk of thoracolumbar spine injury under anti-blast seat protection is lower, but there is a high risk of cervical spine fracture; reducing the stiffness of the seat suspension can reduce the risk of spinal injury for occupants, but changing the damping parameter of the seat suspension in the range of 0.6−1.2 kN·s/m has no significant effect on the spinal injury risk of occupants.
- under-body blast,
- spinal injury,
- human body model,
- biomechanics

FullText(HTML)

References(21)

References

[1]	BELMONT JR P J, GOODMAN G P, ZACCHILLI M, et al. Incidence and epidemiology of combat injuries sustained during “the surge” portion of operation Iraqi freedom by a U. S. army brigade combat team [J]. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2010, 68(1): 204–210. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181bdcf95.
[2]	COMSTOCK S, PANNELL D, TALBOT M, et al. Spinal injuries after improvised explosive device incidents: implications for tactical combat casualty care [J]. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2011, 71(5): S413–S417. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318232e575.
[3]	SCHOENFELD A J, GOODMAN G P, BELMONT JR P J. Characterization of combat-related spinal injuries sustained by a US army brigade combat team during operation Iraqi freedom [J]. The Spine Journal, 2012, 12(9): 771–776. DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.05.004.
[4]	YOGANANDAN N, MOORE J, ARUN M W J, et al. Dynamic responses of intact post mortem human surrogates from inferior-to-superior loading at the pelvis [J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2014, 58: 123–143. DOI: 10.4271/2014-22-0005.
[5]	YOGANANDAN N, HUMM J, BAISDEN J, et al. Temporal corridors of forces and moments, and injuries to pelvis-lumbar spine in vertical impact simulating underbody blast [J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2023, 150: 111490. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111490.
[6]	BAILEY A M, CHRISTOPHER J J, BROZOSKI F, et al. Post mortem human surrogate injury response of the pelvis and lower extremities to simulated underbody blast [J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2015, 43(8): 1907–1917. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1211-5.
[7]	PIETSCH H, DANELSON K, CAVANAUGH J, et al. A comparison of fracture response in female and male lumbar spine in simulated under body blast component tests [J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2024, 150: 106303. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106303.
[8]	RUPP J D, ZASECK L, MILLER C S, et al. Whole body PMHS response in injurious experimental accelerative loading events [J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021, 49(11): 3031–3045. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02803-1.
[9]	OTT K A, DEMETROPOULOS C K, LUONGO M E, et al. Evaluation of the whole body spine response to sub-injurious vertical loading [J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021, 49(11): 3099–3117. DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02656-0.
[10]	尹宁, 王洪亮, 张进成, 等. 垂向冲击下穿戴装备对乘员损伤影响研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(8): 085101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0229. YIN N, WANG H L, ZHANG J C, et al. Research on the effect of wearing equipment on occupant injury under vertical impact [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(8): 085101. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0229.
[11]	罗鸣, 周云波, 张进成, 等. 爆炸冲击作用时间差对盆骨和腰椎的损伤研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(1): 015902. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0059. LUO M, ZHOU Y B, ZHANG J C, et al. Research on time interval of explosion impact on pelvis and lumbar spine injury [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(1): 015902. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2020-0059.
[12]	SOMASUNDARAM K, ZHANG L, SHERMAN D, et al. Evaluating thoracolumbar spine response during simulated underbody blast impact using a total human body finite element model [J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2019, 100: 103398. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103398.
[13]	WEAVER C M, STITZEL J D. Pelvic response of a total human body finite element model during simulated under body blast impacts [C]//Proceedings of IRCOBI Conference 2015. Lyon, France, 2015.
[14]	牛坤, 焦猛, 莫富灏, 等. 底部爆炸冲击下装甲车乘员下肢损伤行为与防护研究 [J]. 兵器装备工程学报, 2022, 43(12): 1–7. DOI: 10.11809/bqzbgcxb2022.12.001. NIU K, JIAO M, MO F H, et al. Research on injury behaviors and protection of armored vehicle occupant lower limbs in under-body blast impacts [J]. Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering, 2022, 43(12): 1–7. DOI: 10.11809/bqzbgcxb2022.12.001.
[15]	LUO W, NIU K, MO F H, et al. Pelvis and thoracolumbar spine response in simulated under-body blast impacts and protective seat cushion design [J]. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 2024, 26(1): 143–151. DOI: 10.37190/ABB-02423-2024-02.
[16]	石秉良, 王显会, 张云, 等. 军用车辆底部防护研究与发展综述 [J]. 兵工学报, 2016, 37(10): 1902–1914. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.018. SHI B L, WANG X H, ZHANG Y, et al. An overview of development and research on bottom protection capability of military vehicle [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2016, 37(10): 1902–1914. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2016.10.018.
[17]	汪国胜, 雷强顺, 曹宇, 等. 军用车辆座椅减振抗爆技术研究现状与发展趋势: 军用车辆乘载员减振抗爆座椅设计技术研究系列一 [J]. 兵工学报, 2022, 43(7): 1718–1732. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0402. WANG G S, LEI Q S, CAO Y, et al. Current status and trends in shock-absorbing and anti-explosion technologies for military vehicle seats research on design technology of shock absorbing and anti-explosion for military vehicle seats: series Ⅰ [J]. Acta Armamentarii, 2022, 43(7): 1718–1732. DOI: 10.12382/bgxb.2021.0402.
[18]	IWAMOTO M, NAKAHIRA Y, KIMPARA H. Development and validation of the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) toward further understanding of occupant injury mechanisms in precrash and during crash [J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2015, 16(S1): S36–S48. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1015000.
[19]	KITAGAWA Y, HAYASHI S, YAMADA K, et al. Occupant kinematics in simulated autonomous driving vehicle collisions: influence of seating position, direction and angle [J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2017, 61: 101–155. DOI: 10.4271/2017-22-0005.
[20]	SOMASUNDARAM K, SHERMAN D, BEGEMAN P, et al. Mechanisms and timing of injury to the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spine in simulated underbody blast PMHS impact tests [J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2021, 116: 104271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104271.
[21]	ZIMMERMANN E A, SCHAIBLE E, GLUDOVATZ B, et al. Intrinsic mechanical behavior of femoral cortical bone in young, osteoporotic and bisphosphonate-treated individuals in low- and high energy fracture conditions [J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 21072. DOI: 10.1038/srep21072.