Effects of hydrogen ratio and CO<sub>2</sub> on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-doped natural gas

LUO Zhenmin; NAN Fan; SUN Yali; CHENG Fangming; SU Bin; LI Ruikang; WANG Tao

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0282

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2025 > Accepted Manuscript

LUO Zhenmin, NAN Fan, SUN Yali, CHENG Fangming, SU Bin, LI Ruikang, WANG Tao. Effects of hydrogen ratio and CO2 on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-doped natural gas[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0282

Citation:

LUO Zhenmin, NAN Fan, SUN Yali, CHENG Fangming, SU Bin, LI Ruikang, WANG Tao. Effects of hydrogen ratio and CO₂ on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-doped natural gas[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0282

Citation:

PDF( 4119 KB)

Effects of hydrogen ratio and CO₂ on the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-doped natural gas

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0282

LUO Zhenmin^{1, 2
,},
NAN Fan^{1, 2
,
,},
SUN Yali^{1, 3},
CHENG Fangming^{1, 2},
SU Bin^{1, 2},
LI Ruikang^{1, 2},
WANG Tao^{1, 2}

1.
School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
2.
Xi’an Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety and Fire Rescue, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
3.
China Academy of Safety Science and Technology

Received Date: 2024-08-11
Rev Recd Date: 2024-12-29

Available Online: 2025-01-01

Abstract

Abstract

Hydrogen-doped natural gas technology has been gradually used in pipeline transportation, but hydrogen-doped natural gas is prone to leakage and explosion accidents. The study used a 20L spherical device to investigate the effects of hydrogen blending ratio and CO₂ addition on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of hydrogen-doped natural gas, and the chemical reaction kinetics method was used to analyse the explosion mechanism. The results showed that the hydrogen doping ratio has a promoting effect on the hydrogen-doped natural gas explosion pressure parameters and flame propagation speed. As the hydrogen doping ratio increases, the maximum explosion pressure gradually increases, the rapid burn time and sustained burn time are gradually decreasing. The maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed gradually increase when the hydrogen doping ratio is less than 0.5. When the hydrogen doping ratio is greater than 0.5, the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and flame propagation speed rise rapidly. The addition of CO₂ has an inhibitory effect on the explosion pressure and flame propagation speed of the mixed gas, but the suppression effect on pressure parameters with high hydrogen doping ratio is poor. Through reaction kinetic analysis, it can be seen that as the hydrogen doping ratio increases, the laminar burning velocity and adiabatic flame temperature gradually increase, the mole fraction of active free radicals and the rate of product increase significantly, and the mixing of hydrogen changes the reaction path of methane. When the hydrogen doping ratio is greater than 0.5, reactions R84, R46 and R3 enter the top ten steps of the reaction, producing H and OH radicals, which promotes the reaction. CO₂ can reduce the laminar burning velocity, adiabatic flame temperature, active free radical mole fraction and rate of production of the mixed gas, but adding CO₂ does not change the reaction path of methane.
- gas explosion,
- hydrogen doping ratio,
- explosion suppression,
- kinetic analysis

FullText(HTML)

References(43)

References

[1]	李敬法, 苏越, 张衡, 等. 掺氢天然气管道输送研究进展 [J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(04): 137–152. DOI: 10.3787/j issn.1000-0976.2021.04.015. LI J F, SU Y, ZHANG H , et al. Research progresses on pipeline transportation of hydrogen-blended natural gas [J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(04): 137–152. DOI: 10.3787/j issn.1000-0976.2021.04.015.
[2]	ZHOU S Y, XIAO J, LUO Z M, et al. Analysis of spontaneous ignition of hydrogen-enriched methane in a rectangular tube [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2024, 40(1-4): 105681. DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2024.105681.
[3]	QU J, WANG R, DENG J, et al. Synergistic inhibition characteristics and kinetics of hydrogen explosion by two-phase suppressant N₂-KHCO₃ [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2024, 92: 105487. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2024.105487.
[4]	WANG T, DONG Z, YANG P, et al. Phase change materials as hydrogen explosion suppressants: An experimental and kinetic investigation [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 500: 156996. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2024.156996.
[5]	MOLNARNE M, SCHROEDER V. Hazardous properties of hydrogen and hydrogen containing fuel gases [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2019, 130: 1–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2019.07.012.
[6]	SHEN X B, XIU G L, WU S Z. Experimental study on the explosion characteristics of methane/air mixtures with hydrogen addition [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 120: 741–747. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.040.
[7]	SALZANO E, CAMMAROTA F, BENEDETTO A D, et al. Explosion behavior of hydrogen-methane/air mixtures [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2012, 25(3): 443–447. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2011.11.010.
[8]	董冰岩, 查裕学, 邹颖, 等. 球形压力容器中甲烷-氢气-空气爆炸过程数值模拟及实验研究 [J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2023, 19(03): 157–163. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2023.03.023. DONG B Y, CHA Y X, ZOU Y, et al. Numerical simulation and experimental study of methane-hydrogen-air explosion process in spherical pressure vessel [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2023, 19(03): 157–163. DOI: 10.11731/j.issn.1673-193x.2023.03.023.
[9]	MA Q J, ZHANG Q, CHEN J C, et al. Effects of hydrogen on combustion characteristics of methane in air [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(21): 11291–11298. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.030.
[10]	HUANG Y, CHEN J, ZHANG Q, et al. Effects of hydrogen addition on the confined and vented explosion behavior of methane in air [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2014, 27(1): 65–73. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2013.11.007.
[11]	BOURAS F, ATTIA M E H, KHALDI F, et al. Control of methane flame properties by hydrogen fuel addition: Application to power plant combustion chamber [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(13): 8932–8939. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.11.146.
[12]	刘振翼, 李嘉璐, 李鹏亮, 等. 高温高压下N₂和CO₂对CH₄/C₂H₆/C₃H₈混合气抑爆效果研究 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2023, 43(02): 111–117. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2022.048. LIU Z Y , LI J L, LI P L, et al. Study on the explosion suppression effect of N₂ and CO₂ on CH₄/C₂H₆/C₃H₈ mixtures at high temperature and high pressure [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2023, 43(02): 111–117. DOI: 10.15918/j.tbit1001-0645.2022.048.
[13]	LUO Z, WEI C, WANG T, et al. Effects of N₂ and CO₂ dilution on the explosion behavior of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-air mixtures [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 403: 123843. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123843.
[14]	CHEN D, YAO Y, DENG Y. The influence of N₂/CO₂ blends on the explosion characteristics of stoichiometric methane –air mixture [J]. Process Safety Progress, 2018. DOI: 10.1002/prs.12015.
[15]	MITU M, PRODAN M, GIURCAN V, et al. Influence of inert gas addition on propagation indices of methane–air deflagrations [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2016, 102: 513–522. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2016.05.007.
[16]	LU C, LIU Y, WANG H B, et al. Experimental study of the effects of CO₂/H₂ on the characteristic features of methane/air bursts. [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(05): 1788–1795. DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2018.05.024.
[17]	HU E, JIANG X, HUANG Z, et al. Numerical study on the effects of diluents on the laminar burning velocity of methane−air mixtures [J]. Energy and fuels., 2012, 26: 4242–4252. DOI: 10.1021/ef300535s.
[18]	SIOU Y W, NUNG K L, CHI M S. Effects of flammability characteristics of methane with three inert gases [J]. Process Safety Progress, 2010, 29(4): 349–352. DOI: 10.1002/prs.10411.
[19]	LIANG Y, ZENG W, HU E. Experimental study of the effect of nitrogen addition on gas explosion [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2013, 26(1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2012.08.002.
[20]	LI M H, XU J C, WANG C J, et al. Thermal and kinetics mechanism of explosion mitigation of methane-air mixture by N₂/CO₂ in a closed compartment [J]. Fuel, 2019, 255. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115747.
[21]	BENEDETTO A D, SARLI V D, SALZANO E, et al. Explosion behavior of CH₄/O₂/N₂/CO₂ and H₂/O₂/N₂/CO₂ mixtures [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.120.
[22]	WEI H, XU Z, ZHOU L, et al. Effect of hydrogen-air mixture diluted with argon/nitrogen/carbon dioxide on combustion processes in confined space [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(31): 14798–14805. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.038.
[23]	LI Y C, BI M S, HUANG L, et al. Hydrogen cloud explosion evaluation under inert gas atmosphere [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2018, 180: 96–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.08.015.
[24]	LI Y C, BI M S, YAN C C, et al. Inerting effect of carbon dioxide on confined hydrogen explosion [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(40): 22620–22631. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.181.
[25]	YAN C C, BI M S, LI Y C, et al. Effects of nitrogen and carbon dioxide on hydrogen explosion behaviors near suppression limit [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2020, 67: 104228. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104228.
[26]	BASCO A, CAMMAROTA F, SARLI V D, et al. Theoretical analysis of anomalous explosion behavior for H₂/CO/O₂/N₂ and CH₄/O₂/N₂/CO₂ mixtures in the light of combustion-induced rapid phase transition [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(25): 8239–8247. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.04.092.
[27]	QIAO L, GU Y, DAHM W J A, et al. Near-limit laminar burning velocities of microgravity premixed hydrogen flames with chemically-passive fire suppressants [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2007, 31(2): 2701–2709. DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.012.
[28]	QIAO L, KIM C H, FAETH G M. Suppression effects of diluents on laminar premixed hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen flames [J]. Combustion and Flame, 2005, 143(1-2): 79–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.05.004.
[29]	HU E J, HUANG Z H, HE J J, et al. Measurement of laminar burning velocities and analysis of flame stabilities for hydrogen-air-diluent premixed mixtures [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(5): 846–857. DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0584-y.
[30]	QIAO L, GU Y, DAHM W, et al. A study of the effects of diluents on near-limit H₂-air flames in microgravity at normal and reduced pressures [J]. Combustion and Flame, 2007, 151(1-2): 196–208. DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.06.013.
[31]	AZATYAN V V, SHEBEKO Y N, SHEBEKO A Y. A numerical modelling of an influence of CH₄, N₂, CO₂ and steam on a laminar burning velocity of hydrogen in air [J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2010, 23(2): 331–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2009.12.002.
[32]	程方明, 葛汉漳, 邓军, 等. 金属丝网位置对氢气/甲烷/空气火焰传播特性的影响 [J]. 安全与环境学报, 2024, 24(07): 2593–2600. DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1586. CHENG F M, GE H Z, DENG J, et al. Effect of wire mesh position on the propagation characteristics of hydrogen/methane/air premixed flames in pipelines [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2024, 24(07): 2593–2600. DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2023.1586.
[33]	程方明, 苟籽妍, 罗振敏, 等. 掺氢比例对金属丝网阻抑掺氢甲烷燃烧火焰传播的影响 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(04): 171–180. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0295. CHENG F M, GOU Z Y, LUO Z M, et al. Effect of hydrogen ratio on inhibition property of wire mesh to propagation of the flame by methane premixed with hydrogen. [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2024, 44(04): 171–180. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0295.
[34]	唐毅, 员亚龙, 李开源, 等. 球形非金属材料对甲烷掺氢爆炸抑制机理研究 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2022, 36(06): 182–189. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220609. TANG Y, YUAN Y L, LI K Y, et al. Explosion suppression performance of spherical non-metallic materials for methane hydrogen-doped syngas explosion. [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2022, 36(06): 182–189. DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20220609.
[35]	陈晓坤, 马赛燕, 程方明, 等. 半封闭管道内CO₂对掺氢甲烷燃爆特性的影响 [J]. 安全与环境学报, 2023, 23(12): 4279–4286. DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2022.2087. CHEN X K, MA S Y, CHENG F M, et al. Influence of CO₂ on the combustion and explosion characteristics of hydrogen-doped methane in a semi-closed pipe. [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2023, 23(12): 4279–4286. DOI: 10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2022.2087.
[36]	SMITH G P, GOLDEN D M, FRENKLACH M, et al. Available from: http://www.me.Berke-ley.edu/grimech/.
[37]	LIAO S Y, JIANG D M, CHENG Q. Determination of laminar burning velocities for natural gas [J]. Fuel, 2004, 83(9): 1247–1250. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.12.001.
[38]	LAMOUREUX N, DJEBAILI-CHAUMEIX N, PAILLARD C-E. Laminar flame velocity determination for H₂–air–He– CO₂ mixtures using the spherical bomb method [J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2003, 27(4): 385–393. DOI: 10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00243-1.
[39]	胡二江, 何佳佳, 黄佐华, 等. 氢气-空气-稀释气混合气层流燃烧速度的测定和火焰稳定性分析 [J]. 科学通报, 2008(20): 2514–2525. DOI: 10.1360/csb2008-53-20-2514. HU E J, HE J J, HUANG Z H, et al. Determination of the laminar burning velocity and flame stability analysis of hydr ogen-air-diluted gas mixtures [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008(20): 2514–2525. DOI: 10.1360/csb2008-53-20-2514.
[40]	WU F, JOMAAS G, LAW C K. An experimental investigation on self-acceleration of cellular spherical flames [J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2013, 34(1): 937–945. DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.0600.
[41]	WANG Z H, WANG S X, WHIDDON R, et al. Effect of hydrogen addition on laminar burning velocity of CH₄/DME mixtures by heat flux method and kinetic modeling [J]. Fuel, 2018, 232(15): 729–742. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.146.
[42]	LIU G Y, ZHOU J H, WANG Z H, et al. Adiabatic laminar burning velocities of C₃H₈-O₂-CO₂ and C₃H₈-O₂-N₂ mixtures at ambient conditions-PART II: Mechanistic interpretation [J]. Fuel, 2020, 276: 117946. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117946.
[43]	SU B, LUO Z M, DENG J, et al. Comparative study on methane/air deflagration with hydrogen and ethane additions: Investigation from macro and micro perspectives [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2023, 174: 561–573. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.04.030.