Effect of surface roughness of lithium-ion battery electrodes on short-circuit triggering behaviors

JIA Yikai; LIU Zijing; HUANG Qingdan; WANG Lubing

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

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JIA Yikai, LIU Zijing, HUANG Qingdan, WANG Lubing. Effect of surface roughness of lithium-ion battery electrodes on short-circuit triggering behaviors[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

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JIA Yikai, LIU Zijing, HUANG Qingdan, WANG Lubing. Effect of surface roughness of lithium-ion battery electrodes on short-circuit triggering behaviors[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

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Effect of surface roughness of lithium-ion battery electrodes on short-circuit triggering behaviors

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0339

JIA Yikai^{1, 2
,},
LIU Zijing^{1, 2},
HUANG Qingdan^{1, 2},
WANG Lubing^{3, 4}

1.
School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi, China
2.
Key Laboratory on the Impact Protection and Safety Assessment of Civil Aviation Vehicle, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, Jiangsu, China
3.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

Received Date: 2024-09-13
Rev Recd Date: 2024-11-05

Available Online: 2024-11-07

Abstract

Abstract

The deformation and failure of the internal separator in lithium-ion batteries under external impact are key factors in triggering internal short circuits. The surface of the battery electrodes is usually not smooth, which can cause stress concentration in the separator, affecting the mechanical stability of the battery. Therefore, this study, based on numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, deeply explores the mechanical behavior of the battery separator under compression on uneven surfaces and its short-circuit safety boundary. The model is established using the finite element software ABAQUS, selecting a section of a separator with a width of 50 μm and the nearby positive and negative electrode coatings as a representative unit cell for two-dimensional finite element modeling and numerical calculation. The study compares the surface morphology of three forms: (1) ideal plane; (2) densely packed granular surface; (3) single granular protrusion plane, as well as the effects of particle size, separator thickness, and loading rate. By analyzing the stress-strain curve of the separator, it is found that the separator compressed by uneven surfaces exhibits a "softening phenomenon" compared to compression on an ideal plane. For the ideal plane case, the strain distribution is very uniform, so the battery’s load-bearing capacity is larger. However, for densely packed granular and single granular protrusion cases, under the same loading displacement, the loaded area is smaller, and the generated reaction force is also smaller. As the loading progresses, the gaps are gradually filled, the loaded area increases, and gradually tends to be loaded on the entire surface, and the load difference gradually decreases. Through parametric analysis of the failure stress, it is found that as the particle diameter increases, the separator thickness decreases, or within a certain range of loading rates increases, the separator exhibits a softening behavior, that is, the average stress decreases, the yield point shifts backward, and the short-circuit failure stress also decreases. Furthermore, this study also establishes an equivalent compression constitutive model of the separator under compression on uneven surfaces, thereby theoretically explaining the effect of roughness on failure stress and deriving a quantitative relationship between the two.
- lithium-ion battery,
- collision safety,
- battery separator,
- internal short-circuit

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References(35)

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