‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters

REN Jie; ZHANG Lang; LI Jicheng; DENG Yongjun; CHEN Xiaowei; DU Chengxin

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2026 > Accepted Manuscript

REN Jie, ZHANG Lang, LI Jicheng, DENG Yongjun, CHEN Xiaowei, DU Chengxin. ‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

Citation:

REN Jie, ZHANG Lang, LI Jicheng, DENG Yongjun, CHEN Xiaowei, DU Chengxin. ‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

Citation:

REN Jie, ZHANG Lang, LI Jicheng, DENG Yongjun, CHEN Xiaowei, DU Chengxin. ‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

PDF( 11712 KB)

‘Self-sharpening’ behavior and penetration/perforation property of tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods with different fiber diameters

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0139

REN Jie^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Lang^{1, 2},
LI Jicheng^{2, 3
,
,},
DENG Yongjun^{1, 2},
CHEN Xiaowei^{2, 4},
DU Chengxin⁵

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010 , Sichuan, China
2.
Shock and Vibration of Engineering Materials and Structures Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
3.
Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
4.
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
5.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China

Received Date: 2025-05-12
Rev Recd Date: 2025-09-01

Available Online: 2025-09-01

Abstract

Abstract

In order to compare the similarities and differences among the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior as well as the corresponding ballistic performance of tungsten fiber / metallic glass matrix (WF/MG) composite long rods with different fiber diameters, the deformation and failure characteristics of various WF/MG composite long rods were investigated systematically integrated with related penetrating test results and mesoscopic finite element (FE) simulation analysis, in which the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) meso-scale FE geometric models of WF/MG composite long rod were established according to the actual distribution characteristics of metallic glass matrix and tungsten fibers, and a coupled ‘thermo-mechanical-free volume’ constitutive model was applied to characterize the high shear sensitivity as well as high strength of metallic glass matrix. Moreover, the transformation of deformation and failure modes of projectiles under different impact velocities was analyzed in detail. Related analysis demonstrated that due to the differences in the mechanical properties among the tungsten fibers with different diameters, i.e., bending resistance and shear resistance, etc., the corresponding composite long rods exhibit different failure characteristics during the penetration process, and it further affects their penetration / perforation performance. The impact velocity also plays an important role on the deformation and failure modes of composite long rods and the corresponding penetration / perforation performance: when the impact velocity is relatively low, the fibers in the nose of composite rod projectile exhibits unstable buckling phenomenon and gradually disperse during the penetration process, which makes the projectile nose blunt at a certain extent, and induces the increase in the penetration resistance and decrease in the penetration performance; along with the impact velocity increases, in the case that the fiber diameter is small, the fibers on the outer side of projectile nose refluxes back, and when the fiber diameter is large, the fibers mainly behave as shear failure, and it further strengthen the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior as well as the penetration performance of projectile; when the impact velocity and fiber diameter reach a certain upper threshold values, The thickness of ‘edge layer’ in the rod nose is sharply reduced, and thus the ‘self-sharpening’ performance is weakened, and the penetration capability of projectile is decayed again. Related research is beneficial to predicting the penetration / perforation performance of WF/MG composite long rods with different fiber diameters under different impact velocities, and optimizing the structural design of projectile as well as the impact velocity, etc.
- tungsten fiber/metallic glass composite long rods,
- penetration / perforation,
- self-sharpening,
- fiber diameter,
- failure mode,
- finite element simulation

FullText(HTML)

References(42)

References

[1]	MAGNESS L S. High strain rate deformation behaviors of kinetic energy penetrator materials during ballistic impact [J]. Mechanics of Materials, 1994, 17(2-3): 147–154. DOI: 10.1016/0167-6636(94)90055-8.
[2]	BLEISE A, DANESI P R, BURKART W. Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): a general overview [J]. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2003, 64(2-3): 93–112. DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00041-3.
[3]	CAI W D, LI Y, DOWDING R J, et al. A review of tungsten-based alloys as kinetic energy penetrator materials [J]. Reviews of Particulate Materials, 1995, 3(4): 71–132. DOI: 10.1108/13552549510104456.
[4]	李继承, 陈小伟. 块体玻璃及其复合材料的压缩剪切特性以及侵彻穿甲“自锐”行为 [J]. 力学进展, 2011, 41(5): 480–518. DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-2011-5-lxjzJ2011-056. LI J C, CHEN X W. Compressive-shear behavior and self-sharpening of bulk metallic glasses and their composite materials [J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2011, 41(5): 480–518. DOI: 10.6052/1000-0992-2011-5-lxjzJ2011-056.
[5]	DAI L H, BAI Y L. Basic mechanical behaviors and mechanics of shear banding in BMGs [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2008, 35(8): 704–716. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.10.007.
[6]	GREER A L, CHENG Y Q, MA E. Shear bands in metallic glasses [J]. Materials Science and Engineering R, 2013, 74(4): 71–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2013.04.001.
[7]	LI J C, WEI Q, CHEN X W, et al. On the mechanism of deformation and fracture in bulk metallic glasses [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2014, 610(5): 91–105. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.04.106.
[8]	LI J C, CHEN X W, HUANG F L. Inhomogeneous deformation in bulk metallic glasses: FEM analysis [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2015, 620(2): 333–351. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.10.013.
[9]	CONNER R D, DANDLIKER R B, SCRUGGS V, et al. Dynamic deformation behavior of tungsten-fiber /metallic–glass matrix composites [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering., 2000, 24(5): 435–444. DOI: 10.1016/s0734-743x(99)00176-1.
[10]	CHOI-YIM H, CONNER R D, SZUECS F, et al. Quasistatic and dynamic deformation of tungsten reinforced Zr57Nb5Al10Cu15.4Ni12.6 bulk metallic glass matrix [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 45(9): 1039–1045. DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6462(01)01134-4.
[11]	陈小伟, 李继承, 张方举, 等. 钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料弹穿甲钢靶的实验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2012, 32(4): 346–354. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)04-0346-09. CHEN X W, LI J C, ZHANG F J, et al. Experimental research on the penetration of tungsten-fiber /metallic glass-matrix composite material penetrator into steel target [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2012, 32(4): 346–354. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2012)04-0346-09.
[12]	CHEN X W, WEI L M, LI J C. Experimental research on long rod penetration of tungsten fiber/Zr-based metallic glass matrix composite into Q235 steel target [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 79(3): 102–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.11.007.
[13]	雷波. 钨纤维复合材料穿甲弹芯自锐行为的试验研究[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳理工大学, 2008.
[14]	荣光, 黄德武. 钨纤维复合材料穿甲弹芯侵彻时的自锐现象 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2009, 29(4): 351–355. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)04-0351-05. RONG G, HUABG D W. Self-sharpening phenomena of tungsten fiber composite material penetrators during penetration [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2009, 29(4): 351–355. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455(2009)04-0351-05.
[15]	RONG G, HUANG D W, YANG M C. Penetrating behaviors of Zr-based metallic glass composite rods reinforced by tungsten fibers [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2012, 58(1): 21–27. DOI: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2012.02.003.
[16]	夏龙祥. 钨纤维增强块体金属非晶复合材料侵彻行为研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2013.
[17]	DU C X, SHU D W, DU Z H, et al. Effect of L/D on penetration performance of tungsten fiber / Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite rod [J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2019, 85(3): 105042–1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105042.
[18]	ZHOU F, DU C X, DU Z H, et al. Penetration gain study of a tungsten-fiber / Zr-based metallic glass matrix composite [J]. Crystals, 2022, 12(2): 284–1-12. DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020284.
[19]	ZHOU F, DU C X, CHENG C, et al. Penetration performance and fragmentation mechanism behind target of tungsten fibre / zirconium-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite rod [J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2023, 112(2): 106160–1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106160.
[20]	吴烁罡, 杜成鑫, 周峰, 等. 钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料与93W合金弹芯侵彻靶板的损伤特征[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024, 44(4): 043302-1-1~11. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0312. WU S G, DU C X, ZHOU F, et al. Damage characteristic of target penetrated by WF/Zr-MG and 93W rods[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2024, 44(4): 043302-1-1~11. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2023-0312.
[21]	DANDLIKER, R. B, CONNER, R. D. &JOHNSON, W. L. Melt infiltration casting of bulk metallic-glass matrix composites[J]. Journal of Materials Research 13, 2896–2901 (1998). DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1998.0396.
[22]	MA W F, KOU H C, CHEN C S, et al. Interfacial characteristics and dynamic mechanical properties of Wf/Zr-based metallic glass matrix composites [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2007, 18(1): 77–81. DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60014-X.
[23]	ZHANG H F, LI H, WANG A M, et al. Synthesis and characteristics of 80 vol. % tungsten (W) fibre-Zr based metallic glass composite [J]. Intermetallics, 2009, 17(11): 1070–1077. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.05.011.
[24]	ZONG H T, MA M Z, LIU L, et al. Wf/Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 bulk metallic glass composites prepared by a new melt infiltrating method [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 504(8): 106–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.045.
[25]	陈晓华, 张保玉, 惠希东. 钨丝直径对连续锆基非晶复合材料拉伸行为的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料工程, 2015, 44(2): 469–474. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2015-02-041. CHEN X H, ZHANG B Y, HUI X D. Effect of different diameters of tungsten wires on tensile mechanical behaviors of continuously manufactured zr-based bulk metallic glass composites [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2015, 44(2): 469–474. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2017-04-036.
[26]	王鲁, 王富耻, 程焕武, 等. 钨丝/锆基非晶合金复合材料的动态力学特性 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2003, 23(2): 165–167. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2003.02.009. WANG L, WANG F C, CHENG H W, et al. Dynamic mechanical characteristics of W fiber/Zr-based amorphous matrix composites [J]. Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology, 2003, 23(2): 165–167. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0645.2003.02.009.
[27]	WANG G, CHEN D M, SHEN J, et al. Deformation behaviors of a tungsten-wire/bulk metallic glass matrix composite in a wide strain rate range [J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2006, 352(2): 3872–3878. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.06.037.
[28]	程焕武, 才鸿年, 王鲁, 等. 钨丝增强锆基非晶合金复合材料动态变形特征研究 [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2008, 31(2): 2327. DOI: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.2008.02.014. CHENG H W, CAI H N, WANG L, et al. Dynamic deformation of tungsten fiber Zr-based amorphous matrix composites [J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2008, 31(2): 2327. DOI: 10.14024/j.cnki.1004-244x.2008.02.014.
[29]	马卫锋, 寇宏超, 李金山, 等. 钨丝增强Zr基非晶复合材料动态力学行为及断裂特性 [J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2008, 18(6): 1045–1050. DOI: 10.19476/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2008.06.015. MA W F, KOU H C, LI J S, et al. Dynamic mechanical behaviors and fracture characteristic of tungsten fiber reinforced Zr-based metallic glass matrix composites [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2008, 18(6): 1045–1050. DOI: 10.19476/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2008.06.015.
[30]	杜成鑫, 杜忠华, 朱正旺. 钨丝直径对锆基复合非晶材料穿甲性能的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料工程, 2017, 46(04): 1080–1085. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2017-04-036. DU C X, DU Z H, ZHU Z W. Effect of tungsten fiber diameter on penetration ability of Zr-based metallic glass composites [J]. Rare Metal Materials And Engineering, 2017, 46(04): 1080–1085. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2017-04-036.
[31]	杜成鑫, 杜忠华, 朱正旺. 着靶速度和钨丝直径对钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料弹体芯侵彻性能的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料工程, 2017, 46(06): 1632–1637. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2017-06-030. DU C X, DU Z H, ZHU Z W. Effect of impact velocity and diameter of tungsten fiber on penetration ability of Wf/Zr-based metallic glass composite penetrator [J]. Rare Metal Materials And Engineering, 2017, 46(06): 1632–1637. DOI: CNKI:SUN:COSE.0.2017-06-030.
[32]	LI J C, CHEN X W, HUANG F L. FEM analysis on the “self-sharpening” behavior of tungsten fiber / metallic glass matrix composite long rod [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 86(6): 67–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.07.006.
[33]	LI J C, CHEN X W, HUAGN F L. FEM analysis on the deformation and failure of fiber reinforced metallic glass matrix composite [J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2016, 652(5): 145–166. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.051.
[34]	LI J C, CHEN X W, HUANG F L. On the mechanical properties of particle reinforced metallic glass matrix composites [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 737(5): 271–294.
[35]	LI J C, CHEN X W, HUANG F L. Ballistic performance of tungsten particle/metallic glass matrix composite long rod [J]. Defence Technology, 2019, 15(5): 132–145. DOI: 10.1016/j.dt.2018.06.009.
[36]	陈建良, 李继承. 钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料分段弹体侵彻性能研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2020, 40(6): 063201-1~12. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0379. CHEN J L, LI J C. Ballistic behavior of tungsten fiber/metallic glass matrix composite segmented rods[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2020, 40(6): 063201-1~12. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2019-0379.
[37]	章浪, 赵丰鹏, 张钰忠 , 等. 钨纤维增强金属玻璃复合材料的长杆弹斜侵彻/穿甲性能[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2025, 45(3): 033302-1-15. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0158. ZHANG L, ZHAO F P, ZHANG Y Z, et al. Ballistic performance of tungsten fiber-reinforced metallic glass composite in the long rod oblique penetration/perforation[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2025, 45(3): 033302-1-15. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0158.
[38]	任杰, 章浪, 李继承, 等. Wf/Zr基复合材料长杆弹在不同速度下的头形转变规律 [J]. 包装工程, 2024, 45(19): 134–143. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2024.19.013. REN J, ZHANG L, LI J C, et al. Nose shape transition characteristics with impact velocity in tungsten fiber reinforced metallic glass composite long rod [J]. Packaging Engineering, 2024, 45(19): 134–143. DOI: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2024.19.013.
[39]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures, and pressures [J]. Engineering. Fracture Mechanics, 1985, 21(1): 31–48. DOI: 10.1016/0013-7944(85)90052-9.
[40]	JOHNSON G R, COOK W H. A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperature[C]. In: Proceedings of the seventh International Symposium of Ballistics, Hague, Netherlands: International Ballistics Committee; 1983: pp: 541–547.
[41]	WANG L L, YANG L M, DONG X L, et al. Dynamics of materials: experiments, models and applications (1st Edition) [M]. Academic Press: London, United Kingdom, 2019.
[42]	LEBER S, TAVERNELLI J, White D D, et al. Fracture modes in tungsten wire [J]. Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1976, 48(1): 119–133. DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(76)90238-1.