Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by a composite shaped charge liner

HUANG Qi; GUO Yanchao; LIU Zhen

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2026 > Accepted Manuscript

HUANG Qi, GUO Yanchao, LIU Zhen. Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by a composite shaped charge liner[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

Citation:

HUANG Qi, GUO Yanchao, LIU Zhen. Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by a composite shaped charge liner[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

HUANG Qi, GUO Yanchao, LIU Zhen. Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by a composite shaped charge liner[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

Citation:

PDF( 11523 KB)

Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by a composite shaped charge liner

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

HUANG Qi^1
,,
GUO Yanchao^{2
,
,},
LIU Zhen³

1.
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Safety Emergency Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China
3.
School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received Date: 2025-12-08
Rev Recd Date: 2026-04-14

Available Online: 2026-04-20

Abstract

Abstract

Crack propagation in rock blasting exhibits strong randomness, making directional fracture control difficult and leading to low energy utilization efficiency, which remains a key issue in controlled blasting. To improve the energy utilization efficiency in directional fracturing, a composite shaped charge liner with a “slotting + shaped-charge” structure was designed. A combination of dynamic caustics experiments and numerical simulations was employed to investigate the effects of liner opening angle on crack propagation and energy release. In the experimental study, dynamic caustics technique was used to capture the initiation and evolution of cracks under blasting loading, and key dynamic parameters such as crack propagation velocity and stress intensity factor were obtained from caustic patterns. Meanwhile, fractal dimension analysis was introduced to quantitatively characterize the complexity and directional distribution of blast-induced cracks. In the numerical study, a fluid-structure coupled model was established to simulate the blasting process, enabling further analysis of stress wave propagation, energy release behavior, and the formation and penetration characteristics of the shaped charge jet under different opening angles. The results show that the composite shaped charge liner significantly enhances crack propagation in the energy-focused direction while suppressing damage in non-focused directions. The shaped-charge effect first increases and then decreases with increasing opening angle. When the opening angle is 60°, the crack propagation length, propagation velocity, the ratio of fractal dimensions between focused and non-focused directions, and the dynamic stress intensity factor all reach their peak values, indicating the optimal directional fracturing performance. The energy release rate increases with the opening angle and reaches 746.05 N/m at 75°. Numerical simulations indicate that, at an opening angle of 60°, the formed metal jet exhibits the most coherent morphology and the highest jet-tip velocity, with the penetration depth and inlet aperture reaching 21.5 mm and 14.1 mm, respectively. The study reveals the coupling mechanism between the quasi-static action of detonation gases and metal jet penetration in the composite liner, providing a reference for the optimization of shaped charge structures and the design of directional controlled blasting in rock engineering.
- shaped charge,
- composite shaped charge liner,
- dynamic caustics line,
- fractal dimension

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

[1]	LYU G P, ZHOU C B, JIANG N. Experimental and numerical study on tunnel blasting induced damage characteristics of grouted surrounding rock in fault zones [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2023, 56(1): 603–617. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-022-03055-8.
[2]	MAO X, MA T B, LIU J. Structure optimization of linear shaped charge based on different explosives [J]. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2024, 49(5): e202300321. DOI: 10.1002/PREP.202300321.
[3]	何满潮, 郭鹏飞, 张晓虎, 等. 基于双向聚能拉张爆破理论的巷道顶板定向预裂 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(4): 795–803. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0359. HE M C, GUO P F, ZHANG X H, et al. Directional pre-splitting of roadway roof based on the theory of bilateral cumulative tensile explosion [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(4): 795–803. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2016-0359.
[4]	宋俊生, 王雁冰, 高祥涛, 等. 定向断裂控制爆破机理及应用 [J]. 矿业科学学报, 2016, 1(1): 16–28. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2016.01.004. SONG J S, WANG Y B, GAO X T, et al. The mechanism of directional fracture controlled blasting and its application [J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2016, 1(1): 16–28. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2016.01.004.
[5]	杨仁树, 陈岗, 岳中文, 等. 切缝药包爆破中爆生气体作用的试验研究 [J]. 煤矿爆破, 2009(4): 1–3. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2016.01.004. YANG R S, CHEN G, YUE Z W, et al. Experimental study on the action of detonation gas under cutting seam cartridge blasting [J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2009(4): 1–3. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2016.01.004.
[6]	杨仁树, 王雁冰, 薛华俊, 等. 切缝药包爆破岩石爆生裂纹断面的SEM试验 [J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2013, 42(3): 337–341. DOI: 10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.2013.03.002. YANG R S, WANG Y B, XUE H J, et al. SEM experiment of rock crack cross section morphology after explosion fracturing with slotted cartridge [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2013, 42(3): 337–341. DOI: 10.13247/j.cnki.jcumt.2013.03.002.
[7]	XIAO C L, YANG R S, Li Q, et al. Experiment on blasting damage and dynamic caustics of jointed medium [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2022, 259: 108143. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENGFRACMECH.2021.108143.
[8]	XIE H G, WANG Z X, LI C, et al. Directional fracture blasting experimental study [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 341-342: 1477-1481. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.341-342.1477.
[9]	KANG Y Q, LI Y, XIAO C L, et al. Fractal damage and crack propagation of PMMA in multiple slit charge blasting [J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022, 31: 103249. DOI: 10.1016/J.mtcomm.2022.103249.
[10]	DING C X, YANG R S, XIAO C L, et al. Directional fracture behavior and stress evolution process of the multi-slit charge blasting [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2022, 152: 107037. DOI: 10.1016/J.SOILDYN.2021.107037.
[11]	YIN Y, SUN Q, ZOU B P, et al. Numerical study on an innovative shaped charge approach of rock blasting and the timing sequence effect in microsecond magnitude [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2021, 54(9): 4523–4542. DOI: 10.1007/s00603-021-02516-w.
[12]	WU B, XU S X, MENG G W, et al. Study on dynamic evolution law of blasting cracks in elliptical bipolar linear shaped charge blasting [J]. Shock and Vibration, 2021, 2021: 5272878. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5272878.
[13]	申涛, 罗宁, 向俊庠, 等. 切缝药包爆炸作用机理数值模拟 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2018, 38(5): 1172–1180. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0410. SHEN T, LUO N, XIANG J X, et al. Numerical simulation on explosion mechanism of split-tube charge holders [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2018, 38(5): 1172–1180. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2017-0410.
[14]	GUO Y C, YANG R S, PENG S P, et al. Experimental study on decoupled charge blasting-induced crack propagation with parabolic shaped charge [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2024, 304: 110178. DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110178.
[15]	岳中文, 郭洋, 许鹏, 等. 定向断裂控制爆破的空孔效应实验分析 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2015, 35(3): 304–311. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455-(2015)03-0304-08. YUE Z W, GUO Y, XU P, et al. Analysis of empty hole effect in directional fracture controlled blasting [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2015, 35(3): 304–311. DOI: 10.11883/1001-1455-(2015)03-0304-08.
[16]	李清, 薛耀东, 于强, 等. 含预制裂纹的悬臂梁-柱试件冲击断裂实验 [J]. 矿业科学学报, 2018, 3(2): 139–147. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2018.02.005. LI Q, XUE Y D, YU Q, et al. Experimental study on impact fracture of cantilever beam-column specimen with prefabricated crack [J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2018, 3(2): 139–147. DOI: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2018.02.005.
[17]	杨仁树, 丁晨曦, 王雁冰, 等. 爆炸应力波与爆生气体对被爆介质作用效应研究 [J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S2): 3501–3506. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.0066. YANG R S, DING C X, WANG Y B, et al. Action-effect study of medium under loading of explosion stress wave and explosion gas [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(S2): 3501–3506. DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.0066.
[18]	刘彩连, 陈朗, 刘丹阳, 等. 药型罩锥角和壁厚对聚能射流速度影响的分析 [J]. 北京理工大学学报, 2015, 35(S2): 86–89. LIU C L, CHEN L, LIU D Y, et al. Effects of cone angles or thicknesses of liner on shaped charge jet velocity [J]. Transactions of Beijing institute of Technology, 2015, 35(S2): 86–89.
[19]	LI X L, YAN S Q, WANG J G, et al. Influence of slot width in cartridge on crack propagation and energy concentration under explosion load [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2024, 58(2): 1707–1721. DOI: 10.1007/S00603-024-04199-5.
[20]	WANG L Z, MEHRMASHHADI J, BOBARU F. Interfaces in dynamic brittle fracture of PMMA: a peridynamic analysis [J]. International Journal of Fracture, 2023, 244(1/2): 217–245. DOI: 10.1007/S10704-023-00731-W.
[21]	FOURNIER V, GIRARDOT J, KOPP B J. Revisiting dynamic fracture in PMMA: the interplay between local and global methods [J]. International Journal of Fracture, 2025, 249(3): 47. DOI: 10.1007/S10704-025-00865-Z.
[22]	ROSSMANITH H P, DAEHNKE A, NASMILLNER R E K, et al. Fracture mechanics applications to drilling and blasting [J]. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 1997, 20(11): 1617–1636. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01515.x.
[23]	谢和平, 陈至达. 分形(fractal)几何与岩石断裂 [J]. 力学学报, 1988, 20(3): 264–271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2008.02.011. XIE H P, CHEN Z D. Fractal geometry and fracture of rock [J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 1988, 20(3): 264–271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2008.02.011.
[24]	杨仁树, 肖成龙, 李永亮, 等. 不耦合偏心装药结构爆破损伤破坏的分形研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(12): 129–134. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.12.017. YANG R S, XIAO C L, LI Y L, et al. A fractal study on blasting damage of an eccentric decouple charge structure [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(12): 129–134. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.12.017.
[25]	杨仁树, 肖成龙, 陈程, 等. 基于分形理论不同装药量的爆破动焦散线实验研究 [J]. 振动与冲击, 2020, 39(14): 80–86,93. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.14.012. YANG R S, XIAO C L, CHEN C, et al. Experimental study on the blasting dynamic caustics under different charge weight based on the fractal theory [J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2020, 39(14): 80–86,93. DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2020.14.012.
[26]	FREUND L B. Dynamic fracture mechanics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[27]	WALTERS W P, ZUKAS J A. Fundamentals of shaped charges[M]. New York: Wiley, 1989.
[28]	KAN J L, DOU L M, LI X W, et al. Effect of initiation pattern on rock damage and blasting seismic under multi-hole blasting [J]. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2023, 14(1): 2192334. DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2023.2192334.
[29]	WANG Z L, WANG H C, WANG J G, et al. Finite element analyses of constitutive models performance in the simulation of blast-induced rock cracks [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2021, 135: 104172. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104172.
[30]	WEI S J, LI J J, WANG M, et al. Parameter determination and numerical simulation of the sandstone HJC constitutive model [J]. ACS Omega, 2025, 10(18): 18744–18752. DOI: 10.1021/ACSOMEGA.5C00300.
[31]	方秦, 孔祥振, 吴昊, 等. 岩石Holmquist-Johnson-Cook模型参数的确定方法 [J]. 工程力学, 2014, 31(3): 197–204. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2012.10.0780. FANG Q, KONG X Z, WU H, et al. Determination of Holmquist-Johnson-Cook consitiutive model parameters of rock [J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2014, 31(3): 197–204. DOI: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2012.10.0780.
[32]	MARDALIZAD A, SAKSALA T, MANES A, et al. Numerical modeling of the tool-rock penetration process using FEM coupled with SPH technique [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 189: 107008. DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107008.
[33]	WANG J X, YIN Y, ESMAIELI K. Numerical simulations of rock blasting damage based on laboratory-scale experiments [J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2018, 15(6): 2399–2417. DOI: 10.1088/1742-2140/aacf17.
[34]	FENG H, WU H, FANG Q, et al. Numerical simulations of shaped charge jet penetration into concrete-like targets [J]. International Journal of Protective Structures, 2017, 8(2): 237–259. DOI: 10.1177/2041419617706863.
[35]	焦俊杰, 单锋, 王晗程, 等. 基于水下爆炸的爆轰产物JWL状态方程确定方法研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2025, 45(9): 093401. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0203. JIAO J J, SHAN F, WANG H C, et al. Determination of JWL equation of state based on the detonation product from underwater explosion [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2025, 45(9): 093401. DOI: 10.11883/bzycj-2024-0203.
[36]	BOGDANOV E N, VORONKOV R A, KNYAZEV V N. Determining the parameters of the Jones-Wilkins-Lee equation of state of explosives on the basis of data obtained by the barrier method [J]. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 2023, 59(5): 576–581. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508223050064.