Damage effects of underwater explosions on gravity dams and optimal standoff distances

HUANG Xieping; KONG Xiangzhen; CHEN Zuyu; FANG Qin

doi:10.11883/bzycj-2022-0113

Volume 43 Issue 5

May 2023

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Article Navigation > Explosion And Shock Waves > 2023 > 43(5): 052202

HUANG Xieping, KONG Xiangzhen, CHEN Zuyu, FANG Qin. Damage effects of underwater explosions on gravity dams and optimal standoff distances[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2023, 43(5): 052202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0113

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HUANG Xieping, KONG Xiangzhen, CHEN Zuyu, FANG Qin. Damage effects of underwater explosions on gravity dams and optimal standoff distances[J]. Explosion And Shock Waves, 2023, 43(5): 052202. doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0113

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Damage effects of underwater explosions on gravity dams and optimal standoff distances

doi: 10.11883/bzycj-2022-0113

1.
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, Jiangsu, China

Received Date: 2022-03-23
Rev Recd Date: 2022-05-21

Available Online: 2022-05-27

Publish Date: 2023-05-05

Abstract

Abstract

To investigate the standoff distance of underwater explosions on the damage to gravity dams and to explore whether there is an “optimal standoff distance”, a numerical model of a fully-coupled explosive-water-air-gravity dam was established. The numerical model was validated by comparing it with centrifuge test results. The results demonstrated that the employed numerical model could predict the dam failures and the effect of bubble pulse well. Then, a numerical scheme including 60 numerical calculations was designed. In these calculations, the water depth is 600 mm, the explosive mass is 2.2 g, and the geometrical scaling factor of the gravity dam model is 1/80. The detonation depth ranges from 50 to 250 mm with five detonation depths. Each detonation depth corresponds to 12 standoff distances ranging from 10 to 200 mm, with the scaled standoff distance ranging from 0.077 to 1.54 m/kg^1/3. The damage degrees to the gravity dam under underwater explosions with different standoff distances are compared. Quantitative comparisons of dam average damage, element erosion rate, stress, and strain are also presented. The results show that for the overall structural failure of the gravity dam, such as the structural bending-induced tensile failure, there is an “optimal standoff distance” for the damage effects of underwater explosions on gravity dams, that is, with the increase of standoff distance, the damage degree of gravity dam increases first and then decreases. The quantitative results also indicate that with the increase of standoff distance, the average damage of the damaged area in the dam upstream face, the element erosion rate, the average value of the maximum tensile stress of the dam heel, and the average value of the maximum tensile strain of the dam heel all increase first and then decrease, and reach their maximum values around a standoff distance of 40 mm. With identical water depth, explosive mass, and geometrical model of gravity dam, the “optimal standoff distances” for the damage effects of near-surface underwater explosions at five different detonation depths on the gravity dam are all near 40 mm. It suggests that for near-surface underwater explosions, the detonation depth owns limited influence on the “optimal standoff distance”.
- underwater explosion,
- concrete gravity dam,
- optimal standoff distance,
- numerical simulation,
- centrifuge model test

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